2025 State of the EU Digital Identity Wallet (EUDI Wallet)

Expert Survey Report

The European Union is working towards a highly secure, trustworthy, and citizen-centric digital identity ecosystem: the EU Digital Identity Wallet (EUDI Wallet). The goal is to enable cross-border digital identification, authentication, and data (attribute) sharing across EU Member States while giving individuals and organisations more control over what they share, with whom, and under what conditions.

The revised EU legal framework for electronic identification and trust services, eIDAS 2.0, went into effect in April 2024. This legislation requires EU Member States to make national digital identity wallets available by 2026, and requires many sectors to accept wallet-based data sharing by the end of 2027.

With the expected rollout of national wallets now approaching (just over one year away from the expected release), the focus is shifting. The question is no longer only whether the technology works, but also:

• What does real-world adoption look like?
• How will relying parties integrate wallets into digital journeys?
• What governance and trust models will hold the ecosystem together?
• And what sustainable business models will enable the market to evolve?

To explore these questions, we conducted the 2025 edition of our expert survey on the State of the EU Digital Identity Wallet ecosystem, analysed and gathered the results together in this survey report. Once again, addressing key questions concerning developments, where these are expected to make a positive impact, and what challenges exist around adoption and realisation.

Survey results in five key findings

• Key finding 1: the individual remains central. The strongest perceived benefits and use cases still revolve around end users: EU citizens. Authentication and privacy-preserving data sharing remain the most recognised value drivers.
• Key finding 2: Public-private cooperation is the preferred development model.Experts continue to favour a Public Private Partnership (PPP) approach over a government-only or private-only model, particularly when it comes to adoption, trust, and ecosystem scaling.
• Key finding 3: awareness and understanding are becoming the adoption bottleneck. Earlier attention was primarily on standards, interoperability, and technical feasibility. That focus is shifting toward explaining what the EUDI Wallet is, what it means for citizens and organisations, and how it fits into everyday digital interactions.
• Key finding 4: EU Member State governments (should) (remain to) have a key role in the entire ecosystem. EU Member State governments are still expected to play a central role in the ecosystem, not only in wallet issuance, but also in governance, trust frameworks, and adoption enablement.
• Key finding 5: we are getting a handle on technology and interoperability, most concerns are now on the business model that enables the ecosystem to evolve (which is still very much in its early stages), and the user and their of the DIW (for example how to share data responsibly).

Based on the results, we may suggest that EU DIW development is progressing steadily and is moving past technical hurdles into concerns relating to actual use. We expect integrating the EU DIW in ‘everyday online life’ (with myriad methods for sharing data) to be the logical next step, with yet new questions on blending the EU DIW into user journeys, alternatives, and down-vs-up-scaling from the EU DIW in interactions where trust services play a key role.